ABOUT PERU | inkascrossland

What you should know about Peru ...

你應該要知道的祕魯

The earliest human footprint in Peru appeared about 9,000 BC, and social structure ethnic groups began to appear in the Yanhai region from 3000 to 1800 BC; as we collectively call the Norte Chico culture (Little Northern Prehistoric Civilization) , And later appeared Cupisnique, Chavin (Chavin civilization), Paracas (Paracas civilization), Mochica (Mozica civilization), Nazca (Nazca civilization), Wari (Wari civilization) and Chimú (Chimu civilization ). And in the 15th century AD, the Incas established the Inca Empire, officially integrating other civilizations. The capital of the empire is Cuzco. The total area of the empire is larger than that of Europe, covering southern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile. But its prosperity also lasted only a century.

The Inca people are most famous for their superb craftsmanship, especially in their architecture. Its architectural characteristics are mainly stone, after precise calculations and unsolved cutting techniques, without using any attachments, Stacked into various buildings. In addition, it also has high development achievements in agriculture, textiles and medicine.

The Spaniards arrived in the territory of the Inca Empire in 1526. In 1532, the Spaniards defeated the last army of the Inca Empire, the Inca Empire fell, and the Spanish colonial rule began. Under the Spanish rule, Lima, the capital of today's Peru, was built as the core of the rule. The Spanish ruled mainly by exploiting the local natural resources. It began to face an economic recession in the 18th century, and the Spanish royal family was not as powerful as before. In 1821, it was in the Latin American liberator Simon. Bolón (Simón Bolívar) led Peru to declare its independence from Spain.

Peru, an ancient civilization, has the sites of ancient civilizations, is the birthplace of the largest Inca Empire in South America, and has experienced colonial rule by the Spanish. It has created a rich cultural heritage in its territory, and has also contributed to Peru's vigorous tourism development. In 1911, American historian Hilm. Hiram Bingham, while conducting research in the Andes Mountains of Peru, unintentionally led by local farmers to discover MachuPicchu, a "lost city of Incas" during the Spanish rule Undiscovered and thus well preserved. Machu Picchu was certified as a "World Heritage" by UNESCO in 1983, and was voted "Seven Wonders of the New World" by the world in 2007. As a result, Machu Picchu has become Peru's most representative and prestigious cultural site.

Before coming to Peru you should ...

常見旅遊疾病

Learn about common travel diseases:

Mountain sickness:

It is mainly due to the lack of oxygen in the thin mountain air, which further deteriorates the body's function, especially the brain and heart. At altitudes up to 1500 meters above sea level, the partial pressure of oxygen is not much different from sea level; however, above 2100 meters, there is a risk of developing alpine disease. The most important symptoms of mountain sickness are headache, which is often accompanied by nausea or vomiting, general weakness, dizziness or light-footedness, and insomnia.

The risk factors for the occurrence of mountain sickness are mainly related to physical fitness; age, gender, and personal fitness are less related. Therefore, if you have a history of altitude sickness in the past, you must be very careful.

However, even if you do not have the constitution of mountain sickness, changes in weather and physical conditions will affect the probability of occurrence of mountain sickness.

According to the performance and severity of the disease, we can divide the mountain sickness into three categories:

1. Acute mountain sickness: Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)

2. High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)

3. High Altitude Pulmonary Edema: High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)

prevention

1. The principle of height ascent: Prevention is better than cure, and slowly ascending, so that the body has enough time to adapt to changes in altitude is the most important criterion for preventing altitude sickness.

2. General precautionary principles: include carrying an oxygen cylinder (bottle) or a portable pressurized bag, avoiding strenuous activities, keeping warm, not smoking, not drinking, and taking sedative

3. Dietary attention principle: Eat less high carbohydrates and avoid gas-producing foods (such as beans or carbonated drinks), can alleviate or avoid the occurrence of mountain sickness.

4. Drug prevention: Currently proven drugs to prevent altitude sickness include Diamox, steroids (dexamethasone), calcium ion blockers (nifedipine).

People who are allergic to ammonium sulfonate and faba disease are prohibited from taking dammus.

5. To climb high mountains over 3,000 meters, you should first adapt to the altitude (about one night) in the area around 2,500 meters above sea level before engaging in mountaineering activities.

Diarrhea

The most common causes of diarrhea in Peru are due to food infections and indigestion caused by high altitude

prevention

During the tour, bring precautionary medicines and pay attention to food hygiene at all times. Do not eat foods that are too greasy and irritating. Also avoid eating at the market, let alone tap water.

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MALARIA TROPICA

About 1-2 weeks after infection with tropical malaria, a fever of 40 degrees will occur. Other symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, headaches, and muscle pain, after which fever and irregular relapses begin. Because it does not have a regular fever like other types of malaria, tropical malaria is often confused with influenza. Tropical malaria is the most dangerous form of malaria, and if it is treated too late or untreated, it can cause 30% of deaths. In just a few days, a large number of red blood cells will be destroyed by the parasite and lead to anemia. Potentially fatal consequences include damage to the brain and heart, or circulatory failure due to shock.

Malaria Tertiana: After contracting this malaria, symptoms last about 2-3 weeks. It can also lead to high fever, chills, headaches, joint pain, and back pain, and recur in a 3-day cycle. Although three-day malaria can also destroy red blood cells, it is not as fast and as aggressive as tropical malaria. This malaria is rarely fatal. But after months of treatment, it may still recur

Malaria Quartana: It is the mildest type of malaria. Although the symptoms are similar to malaria, it is less pronounced. As the name suggests, the four-day malaria fever has a fever about every four days, and repeated episodes may take months or years.

prevention

In recent years, malaria has not been found in the rain forest area of Peru for many years, but tourists are still strongly advised to take oral malaria medicine when traveling to the rain forest area of Peru. Wear long-sleeved trousers as much as possible. Most of the colors are bright. Use mosquito repellent and mosquito nets to reduce the chance of being bitten by mosquitoes. If you are accidentally bitten by a mosquito, you should inform your tour guide and pay attention to your own physical condition at any time (but if you go to other South American rain forests, you need to pay special attention to the epidemic of malaria. You can ask the travel agency for relevant information when booking your trip )

Yellow fever

Is a yellow fever virus endemic in rain forest areas of Africa and Latin America. The virus is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. After a mosquito bites an affected person or animal (primarily a monkey), it then transmits the disease to other people or animals through the bite.

Acute infectious diseases. The incubation period is about 3-6 days, and some patients experience sudden fever, chills, headaches, back pain, general muscle aches, fatigue, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. In most patients, the condition improves, and the symptoms resolve after 3 to 4 days. Patients generally develop immunity after recovery and avoid reinfection.

About 15% of patients will develop serious illnesses (such as high fever, jaundice, bleeding, shock, and multiple organ failure). In some cases, secondary bacterial infections may also occur. The mortality rate for severe cases is 20-50%.

prevention

The most important and best way to prevent yellow fever is to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes. The best way to prevent it is to get vaccinated (must be applied 10 days before arriving in the rainforest), wear long-sleeved trousers, and use anti-mosquito liquid (including DEET drive Mosquito repellent) and mosquito nets to reduce bites by mosquitoes. If you are accidentally bitten by mosquitoes, you should inform the tour guide and pay attention to your condition at any time. Ask your travel agent for information when booking your trip)

Cold typhoid

The temperature difference between day and night in Peru is large, you should pay attention to and change clothes in time to avoid colds

You will experience a variety of terrains and climates throughout the journey:

Peru's climate is very different, with 28 of the 32 micro-climates in the world, and roughly the same climate and geographical location can be divided into three differences:

1. Subtropical climate in the desert area on the eastern coast of Peru, with little rainfall throughout the year. Temperatures range from 20-30 degrees in December-March, and 12-15 degrees in May-August.

Regions: Lima, Nazca, Trujillo

2.The climate of the Andes Mountains in central Peru. The rainy season is from December to April, and the dry season is from May to October. Due to the high altitude, you can enjoy winter and summer temperatures in one day, and the temperature difference can reach 20 degrees.

Regions: Cusco, Arequipa, Puno

3. The climate of the Amazon rain forest in western Peru. The weather is hot and rainy throughout the year, and the temperature ranges from 18-30 degrees. The most abundant rainfall is from January to March.

Representative regions: including Iquito, Manu National Park

Haven't eaten Don't say you've been to Peru:

氣候

食物